{"id":9317,"date":"2019-06-13T13:44:13","date_gmt":"2019-06-13T17:44:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/?p=9317"},"modified":"2020-02-22T12:56:32","modified_gmt":"2020-02-22T16:56:32","slug":"wave-count","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/?p=9317","title":{"rendered":"Wave Count"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>MIT&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/anthropology.mit.edu\/people\/faculty\/stefan-helmreich\">Stefan Helmreich<\/a> and I have collaborated on a mega-mix of music that evokes or otherwise represents ocean waves. Building on Stefan&#8217;s anthropological work with ocean scientists and my ideas about telling musical stories musically, this mix carefully stitches together 70 pieces in a 3 movement, 44 minute montage. The pieces were composed between 1830-2018 and range across a wide number of genres and approaches &#8212; classical, romantic, modernist, minimalist, electronic and experimental, not to mention surf rock, reggae, bossa nova, jazz, and techno.<\/p>\n<p>We&#8217;re pleased to have the mix <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thewire.co.uk\/audio\/tracks\/wire-mix-wave-count-a-montage-by-wayne-marshall-and-stefan-helmreich\">published via <em>The Wire<\/em><\/a> as a <em>Wire Mix<\/em>, and I&#8217;m grateful to Stefan for putting together a video &#8212; see below &#8212; which tracks and traces the appearances and layering of each piece in the mix (including full credits) as well as for taking the lead on the brief, evocative essay that accompanies the video (reprinted below, with tracklist). It&#8217;s been a wonderful collaboration, over a year in the making &#8212; and, no doubt, the most intricate mega-mix I&#8217;ve ever worked on &#8212; and we&#8217;re thrilled to share it with the world and to see what sort of waves the mix itself makes.<\/p>\n<p>Thanks, always, for listening along. Here&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/wp\/audio\/Wave-Count.mp3\">an MP3<\/a> (100mb, 44min) if you&#8217;d prefer to listen &#8220;offline,&#8221; whatever that means these days.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mixcloud.com\/widget\/iframe\/?feed=%2FTheWireMagazine%2Fwire-mix-wave-count-a-montage-by-wayne-marshall-and-stefan-helmreich%2F\" frameborder=\"0\" ><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>WAVE COUNT<\/strong> is a montage, in serial and parallel, of mostly instrumental musical pieces meant by their composers to evoke or represent the sense and sound of ocean waves. Selections range from the years 1830 to 2018 and include classical, modernist, electronic, and experimental compositions, with pieces drawn primarily, though not exclusively, from traditions in European art music, American avant-garde composition, Afrodiasporic musics, and Japanese experimental work. The sequence rolls out common and uncommon wave-inspired phrases, turns, and arrangements \u2014 cataloging and connecting recurring formal musical motifs (or \u201ctopics\u201d) as well as the more acoustic, sonic, timbral, and onomatopoetic qualities that have come to texture compositional representations of waves.[1]<\/p>\n<p>The montage charts shifts across three loose epochal moments. <strong>Movement 1: Species of the Sublime<\/strong>, begins with Romantic composers\u2019 attempts formally and texturally to represent the timbre and sublimely relentless arrival of ocean waves (and see Kieffer 2015), spooling out instances that suggest storms, martial enterprise, dreams of maritime glory, and fears of drowning, outlining the multiple meanings of the sea as a space of reverie, fantasy, memory, violence. <strong>Movement 2: Electricity and Experiment<\/strong>, charts more abstracted mid-to-late 20th century electronic-music emphases on the periodic, spectral, or mathematical quality of ocean waves, tracking compositions that treat waves as abstractions that might be lifted out of the water and given a parallel life in, say, synthesizer reproductions.[2] <strong>Movement 3: Thalassocene<\/strong>, maps early 21st century trends to revisit and repurpose canonical wave motifs, but also registers how, with the rise of sound art and compositions based on empirical field recording and sonified data, waves have been pressed to get \u201cback in the water.\u201d In such compositions, listeners might almost be hearing the sound of waves with no human presence around to hear them \u2014 underscoring a concern with today\u2019s ecological disasters and with a post-Anthropocene time to come, where waves wash over history and relic buoys send signals to no one.<\/p>\n<p>Ocean waves \u2014 stormy, sublime, frightening, regular, rippling, underwater \u2014 manifest across the montage as untamed wildness, as meditative nature, as forces of foreboding, as abstract inspiration, and as harbingers of a world in the wake of death. At every moment, waves are represented or audited through conventions of listening; the splash, hiss, surge, and more are not mere facts of waves, but implicate shifting and varied cultural modes of hearing, experiencing, and thinking about the music, sound, and noise of waves.<\/p>\n<p>by Stefan Helmreich and Wayne Marshall,<br \/>\nversion of May 2019<\/p>\n<p>Full discography with credits to performers and record labels at end.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Sometimes composers have mobilized musical icons: signs (and groups of signs) that they imagine to have some likeness to the way ocean waves sound or appear (think of arrangements of notes, chords, or rhythms \u2014 or of the timbre of specific instruments). At other moments, they have worked through indices: signs composers take to have a causal or existential relation to the waves they represent (think of field recordings of waves or of captures of frequency spectra of a crashing wave). At still other moments, composers have approached the matter through symbols: signs that stand for their object by convention (think of military march music to represent dynamics of disciplined, steady succession). Often enough, they have done all at once, rendering the distinction between those key semiotic terms \u2014 icon, index, and symbol \u2014 blurry, awash in overlaps and confusion. See Schweitzer 1911 on a \u201cwave motive\u201d (76) in Bach\u2019s cantata, <em>Siehe, ich will viel Fiscer aussenden<\/em> (No 88). And see also Monelle 2000, which argues that \u201cthe commonest musical icons \u2014 portrayals of waves, clouds, storms, horses \u2014 are not at all \u2018pure,\u2019 but are dependent upon well-known conventions\u201d (77), underscoring the porosity of musical icon, index, and symbol.<\/p>\n<p>2. We are prompted to this recognition by the pathbreaking writings of electronic musician Tara Rodgers (2011), who has examined how sound waves have been given biographies \u2014 \u201clives\u201d \u2014 in electronic composition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kieffer, Alexandra. 2015. \u201cThe Debussyist Ear: Listening, Representation, and French Musical Modernism.\u201d <em>19th-Century Music<\/em> 39(1): 56-79.<\/p>\n<p>Monelle, Raymond. 2000. <em>The Sense of Music: Semiotic Essays<\/em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Rodgers, Tara. 2011. \u201c\u2018What, for Me, Constitutes Life in a Sound?\u2019: Electronic Sounds as Lively and Differentiated Individuals.\u201d <em>American Quarterly<\/em> 63 (3): 509\u2013530.<\/p>\n<p>Schweitzer, Albert. 1911. <em>J.S. Bach, Volume II<\/em>. London: Breitkopf and H\u00e4rtel.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Acknowledgments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Thanks to Ian Condry, Walker Downey, Raviv Ganchrow, Marta Gentilucci, Josh Levine, Keeril Makan, David Novak, Emily Richmond Pollock, Tara Rodgers, Nika Son, and Evan Ziporyn.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/322631640\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>First Movement: Species Of The Sublime<\/strong><br \/>\nJohann Sebastian Bach <em>Preise Dein Gl\u00fccke<\/em>, Gesegnetes Sachsen, BWV 215 (1734)<br \/>\nFelix Mendelssohn <em>Hebrides Overture<\/em>, Op 26, Fingal\u2019s Cave (1830)<br \/>\nCamille Saint-Sa\u00ebns <em>Prelude To Le D\u00e9luge<\/em>, Op 45 (1875)<br \/>\nRichard Wagner <em>Das Rheingold, Prelude And Scene 1: Das Rheingold: Scene I: In The Depths Of The Rhein: Weia! Waga! Woge Du Welle<\/em> (1869)<br \/>\nEdvard Grieg <em>12 Melodies, Op 33 (Arranged For Piano), III Du Fatter Ej Bolgernes Evige Gang (You Cannot Grasp The Wave\u2019s Eternal Course)<\/em> (1873\u201380)<br \/>\nGiuseppe Verdi <em>Otello, Act 1: Una Vela!<\/em> (1887)<br \/>\nNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov <em>By The Sea, Op 46, No 1 The Wave Breaks Into Spray<\/em> (1897)<br \/>\nWilhelm Peterson-Berger <em>Fr\u00f6s\u00f6blomster (Fr\u00f6s\u00f6-Flowers), Book 2: No 5 Vagor Mot Stranden (Waves Against The Shore)<\/em> (1896\u20131914)<br \/>\nNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov <em>By The Sea, Op 46, No 5 The Waves Rise Up Like Mountains<\/em> (1897)<br \/>\nJ?zeps V?tols <em>Song Of The Waves, Op 41, No 2<\/em> (1910)<br \/>\nIosif Ivanovici <em>The Waves Of The Danube<\/em> (1880)<br \/>\nJuventino Rosas <em>Sobre Las Olas (Over The Waves)<\/em> (1888)<br \/>\nClaude Debussy <em>Jeux De Vagues (La Mer, L 109, No 2)<\/em> (1903\u201305)<br \/>\nMar\u00eda Grever <em>A Una Ola<\/em> (1903)<br \/>\nEthel Smyth <em>The Wreckers, Overture<\/em> (1902\u201304)<br \/>\nRalph Vaughan Williams <em>Symphony No 1, A Sea Symphony: III Scherzo: The Waves<\/em> (1903\u201310)<br \/>\nSamuel Coleridge-Taylor <em>Meg Blane, Rhapsody Of The Sea, Op 48<\/em> (1902)<br \/>\nMax Reger <em>4 Tondichtungen Nach Arnold B\u00f6cklin, Op 128, No 2 Im Spiel Der Wellen (Waves At Play)<\/em> (1913)<br \/>\nB\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k <em>The Wooden Prince: Dance Of The Waves<\/em> (1914\u201316)<br \/>\nJean Sibelius <em>2 Schybergson Songs, JS 224: No 2, Brusande Rusar En V\u00e5g (The Roaring Of A Wave)<\/em> (1918)<br \/>\nRued Langgaard <em>Music Of The Spheres, BVN 128: IV Like The Refraction Of Sunbeams In The Waves<\/em> (1919)<br \/>\nErnest Bloch <em>Poems Of The Sea: I Waves<\/em> (1922)<br \/>\nHenning Mankell <em>3 Preludes, Op 56 No 1 Waves<\/em> (1923)<br \/>\nJean Sibelius <em>Tempest, Op 109, Overture: The Ship Sinks Beneath The Waves<\/em> (1925\u201326)<br \/>\nHeitor Villa-Lobos <em>Seventh Symphony, Odiss\u00e9ia Da Paz (A Peace Odyssey)<\/em> (1945)<br \/>\nFletcher Henderson <em>Tidal Wave<\/em> (1934)<br \/>\nNikos Skalkottas <em>Island Images, III Sea Waves<\/em> (1943)<br \/>\nMargaret Bonds <em>Troubled Water<\/em> (1952\u201367)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Second Movement: Electricity And Experiment<\/strong><br \/>\nVladimir Ussachevsky <em>Underwater Waltz<\/em> (1951)<br \/>\nBenjamin Britten <em>Peter Grimes, Op 33, Glitter Of Waves<\/em> (1944)<br \/>\nXenakis <em>Polla Ta Dhina For Children\u2019s Choir &#038; Orchestra<\/em> (1962)<br \/>\nGuo Tai <em>Gong On The Docks \u2013 Beijing Opera Symphonic Suite: A Single Stone Has Stirred Up Innumerable Waves<\/em> (1964\u201365)<br \/>\nDick Dale <em>Tidal Wave<\/em> (1964)<br \/>\nThe Upsetter <em>Tidal Wave<\/em> (1969)<br \/>\nYoko Ono <em>Don\u2019t Stop The Waves<\/em> (1971)<br \/>\nAntonio Carlos Jobim <em>Wave<\/em> (1967)<br \/>\nTakehisa Kosugi <em>Wave Code #E-1<\/em> (1975)<br \/>\nLuigi Nono <em>&#8230;.Sofferte Onde Serene&#8230;. For Piano And Magnetic Tape<\/em> (1975\u201377)<br \/>\nR Murray Schafer <em>String Quartet No 2, Waves<\/em> (1978)<br \/>\nLa Monte Young\/Marian Zazeela <em>Oceans<\/em> (1969)<br \/>\nLisan Wang <em>Impressions Of Paintings By Higashiyama Kaii: IV The Sound Of Waves<\/em> (1979)<br \/>\nPatti Smith <em>Wave<\/em> (1979)<br \/>\nBarry Truax <em>Wave Edge<\/em> (1983)<br \/>\nAaron Jay Kernis <em>Symphony In Waves: IV. Intermezzo<\/em> (1989)<br \/>\nDrexciya <em>Wavejumper<\/em> (1995)<br \/>\nHuichang Yan <em>Fighting The Waves\/Dauntless Spirit\/Cuihua\/Confronting The River<\/em> (1994)<br \/>\nTristan Murail <em>Le Partage Des Eaux<\/em> (1997)<br \/>\nDrexciya <em>Digital Tsunami<\/em> (2001)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Third Movement: Thalassocene<\/strong><br \/>\nKaija Saariaho <em>Pr\u00e8s (Pour Violoncelle Et Dispositif \u00c9lectroacoustique)<\/em> (1992)<br \/>\nRobert Paterson <em>Deep Blue Ocean, III Accents And Waves<\/em> (2010)<br \/>\nMary Ellen Childs <em>First Wave<\/em> (2013)<br \/>\nJohn Luther Adams <em>Dark Waves<\/em> (2007)<br \/>\nYing Wang <em>Wave In D<\/em> (2008)<br \/>\nYuko Ohara <em>The Wave Transformation<\/em> (2013)<br \/>\nBob Chilcott, Iain Farrington &#038; The Sirens <em>Making Waves<\/em> (2009)<br \/>\nKeiko Abe <em>The Wave<\/em> (2008)<br \/>\nYing Wang <em>Wave In D<\/em> (2008)<br \/>\nPeter Bruun <em>Spejlbolger (Waves Of Reflection): IV Wave<\/em> (2000)<br \/>\nVijay Iyer <em>Mutation VI: Waves<\/em> (2013)<br \/>\nAnnea Lockwood <em>Water And Memory<\/em> (2017)<br \/>\nMary Ellen Childs <em>Second Wave<\/em> (2013)<br \/>\nAlexis Kirke <em>Sound Wave<\/em> (2012)<br \/>\nJustin Lombardi reverses Kanye West <em>Waves<\/em> (2016)<br \/>\nNika Son <em>The Wildness Of Waves<\/em> (2016)<br \/>\nJana Winderen <em>b\u00e1ra<\/em> (2017)<br \/>\nAyako Sato <em>Namimani (Among The Waves)<\/em> (2011)<br \/>\nJohn Melillo\/Algae &#038; Tentacles <em>Waves 1<\/em> (2013)<br \/>\nBob Sturm <em>Pacific Pulse<\/em> (2003)<br \/>\nSpanner (Paul Bendza and Rob Power) <em>Wave<\/em> (2006)<br \/>\nLou Hoyer <em>Symphony For Wind And Waves<\/em> (2018)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MIT&#8217;s Stefan Helmreich and I have collaborated on a mega-mix of music that evokes or otherwise represents ocean waves. Building on Stefan&#8217;s anthropological work with ocean scientists and my ideas about telling musical stories musically, this mix carefully stitches together 70 pieces in a 3 movement, 44 minute montage. The pieces were composed between 1830-2018 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9383,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[278,382,12,30,435],"class_list":["post-9317","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-audio","tag-classical","tag-mixx","tag-techno","tag-technomusicology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9317"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9317\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9553,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9317\/revisions\/9553"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wayneandwax.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}